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Checks / UK court-ready evidence check
English evidence law · from the Statute of Frauds 1677 to the ETDA 2023

Would your AI's records stand up in an English court?

English law has been deciding what counts as proof for 350 years: signed writing, business records certificates, proper custody, the presumption that computers work. Answer 19 questions drawn from the statutes and find out whether your AI's records would be accepted, or picked apart. Leave with a report sealed into Bitcoin.

Statute of Frauds 1677 s.4
guarantees signed and kept
Guarantees and sign-offs kept in writing with the signature, including email or electronic signatures.
Evidence Act 1938 s.4
proper custody of records documented
A record of where your records are kept, who controls them and every copy, so they come from 'proper custody'.
CEA 1995 s.8
copies can be proved identical to the original
A fingerprint (SHA-256) of each original, so any copy can be proved identical. sebbi.pro does this for every record.
CEA 1995 s.9
records made in the ordinary course of business
Records created automatically as part of normal work, not written up later for a dispute.
CEA 1995 s.9
officer named to sign a business records certificate
A named person (director, company secretary, records manager) who would sign a business records certificate.
CJA 2003 s.117
each record shows who supplied the information
Each record shows who or what supplied the information in it.
CJA 2003 s.129
human inputs to the system are recorded
What people typed or chose before the AI acted, recorded with the AI's output.
Computer evidence presumption
evidence the system worked correctly is kept
Evidence the system worked correctly at the time: test results, monitoring, incident log, versions.
Computer evidence presumption
records checkable without trusting the system owner
Records anyone can check without trusting you or your supplier, such as a Bitcoin timestamp.
ECA 2000 s.7
records sealed or electronically signed
Records cryptographically sealed or electronically signed when they are made.
ETDA 2023 s.2
records protected against unauthorised change
Technical protection so records cannot be changed without it showing, such as a hash chain.
ETDA 2023 s.2(5)
system independently audited
An independent audit or review of the record-keeping system, with the date.
Limitation Act 1980 s.5
contract records kept >= 6 years
Years you keep contract records. 6 or more passes (12 for deeds).
Limitation Act 1980 s.11A
product records kept >= 10 years
Years you keep product and release records. 10 or more passes (the product liability longstop).
Companies Act 2006 s.388
accounting records kept >= 6 years
Years you keep accounting records. 6 or more passes (3 is the minimum for private companies).
CPA 1987 s.4(1)(e)
state of the art at release evidenced and dated
Testing and release evidence fixed with a date on release day, for the development risks defence.
CRA 2015 s.34-36
CRA 2015 s.34-36 - AI digital content matches its description
A copy of how each AI product was described to customers, kept with its version.
CPR PD 57AD
records preserved with metadata for disclosure
Electronic records kept with their metadata (who, when, which system) and a hold process for disputes.
UK GDPR Art.22A-D
UK GDPR Art.22A-D - automated decisions logged with a route to a human
Every solely automated significant decision logged, with a way for the person to reach a human and contest it.

Questions people ask

Can AI records be used as evidence in an English court?

Yes. Under the Civil Evidence Act 1995, business records can be received in evidence on a certificate signed by an officer of the business (s.9), and copies can be used in place of originals (s.8). In criminal cases, the Criminal Justice Act 2003 s.117 admits business documents.

Does the court assume the computer was right?

At present there is a common law presumption that a computer was working correctly unless there is evidence to the contrary. After the Post Office Horizon scandal, the Ministry of Justice opened a review of that presumption in January 2025. Records that can be checked independently do not need to rely on it.

Are electronic signatures valid?

Yes. The Electronic Communications Act 2000 s.7 makes electronic signatures admissible as evidence of authenticity and integrity, and the courts have accepted email signatures for documents that must be 'signed', such as guarantees under the Statute of Frauds 1677.

What makes a record-keeping system 'reliable'?

The Electronic Trade Documents Act 2023 s.2 lists the factors: the system's rules, measures to protect integrity, protection against unauthorised access, hardware and software security, independent audits and any applicable standards.

How long should I keep AI records?

At least 6 years for contract claims (12 for deeds) under the Limitation Act 1980, and 10 years for product liability under s.11A. Accounting records: 6 years for public companies, 3 for private.

What does sebbi.pro give me for court?

Every sealed record has an evidence certificate at sebbi.pro/evidence: the fingerprint, the Merkle proof, the Bitcoin block, how anyone can check it with nothing from sebbi.pro, and a Civil Evidence Act s.9 certificate ready for your officer to sign.

Every control

Each of these 19 controls has its own page with a live check: UK court-ready evidence check checks. From any AI assistant connected to https://sebbi.pro/mcp, run sebbi_run_framework with framework=ukevidence.
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