sebbi TELETEXT P600 - AI LAW - every section
Every law of the land on sebbi.pro, to the last line. Fed live; built 27 Oct 2026 13:55 UTC.
112 laws, 755 checks, 113 EU AI Act articles. Fingerprint b4e4d952cc5b28f9
Teletext screen: https://sebbi.pro/teletext/600


#### P601 UK LAW - Every UK law on sebbi.pro (15)


LAW: GDPR (UK and EU)
Jurisdiction: UK & EU
Status: In force
What the law demands: Data protection law covering how personal data is collected, used, kept and explained, including automated decisions about people.
sebbi.pro checks that test this law: 33
Official text: https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2016/679/oj
Check yourself: https://sebbi.pro/checks/gdpr

LAW: UK Online Safety Act
Jurisdiction: UK
Status: In force
What the law demands: UK law requiring online services to assess and reduce the risk of illegal and harmful content, with extra duties for children.
sebbi.pro checks that test this law: 14
Official text: https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2023/50
Check yourself: https://sebbi.pro/checks/online-safety-act

LAW: FCA (UK)
Jurisdiction: UK
Status: In force
What the law demands: UK Financial Conduct Authority expectations, including Consumer Duty and accountability for automated decisions.
sebbi.pro checks that test this law: 14
Official text: https://www.handbook.fca.org.uk/
Check yourself: https://sebbi.pro/checks/fca

LAW: ICO Children's Code
Jurisdiction: UK
Status: In force
What the law demands: The UK Age Appropriate Design Code: 15 standards for online services likely to be used by children.
sebbi.pro checks that test this law: 15
Official text: https://ico.org.uk/for-organisations/uk-gdpr-guidance-and-resources/childrens-information/childrens-code-guidance-and-resources/
Check yourself: https://sebbi.pro/checks/childrens-code

LAW: UK evidence and records law
Jurisdiction: UK
Status: In force
What the law demands: English law on proving records in court, from the Statute of Frauds 1677 to the Electronic Trade Documents Act 2023: business records certificates, computer evidence, electronic signatures, custody and how long to keep records.
sebbi.pro checks that test this law: 19
Official text: https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1995/38
Check yourself: https://sebbi.pro/checks/uk-evidence-and-records-law

LAW: AI and insurance
Jurisdiction: UK
Status: In force
What the law demands: What insurers need to see about your AI: fair presentation under the Insurance Act 2015, warranties, AI exclusions, the EU AI Act's high-risk insurance pricing rules, EIOPA's 2025 AI Opinion and FCA pricing rules.
sebbi.pro checks that test this law: 14
Official text: https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2015/4
Check yourself: https://sebbi.pro/checks/ai-insurance

LAW: AI liability and damages
Jurisdiction: UK
Status: In force
What the law demands: Who pays when AI causes harm: negligence, unfair contract terms, contribution between supplier and deployer, data protection compensation, discrimination claims and latent damage.
sebbi.pro checks that test this law: 13
Official text: https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1977/50
Check yourself: https://sebbi.pro/checks/ai-liability-and-damages

LAW: Data (Use and Access) Act 2025
Jurisdiction: UK
Status: Royal Assent 19 June 2025, commencing in stages
What the law demands: Rewrites UK GDPR rules on automated decisions (Articles 22A to 22D): significant solely-automated decisions need information, a way to contest and human intervention.
Official text: https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18
Check yourself: https://sebbi.pro/legislation/uk

LAW: Online Safety Act 2023
Jurisdiction: UK
Status: In force; illegal-harms duties from March 2025, child-safety duties from July 2025
What the law demands: User-to-user and search services must assess and reduce risks of illegal and harmful content, protect children, keep records of risk assessments and comply with Ofcom codes.
Official text: https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2023/50
Check yourself: https://sebbi.pro/legislation/uk

LAW: Digital Markets, Competition and Consumers Act 2024
Jurisdiction: UK
Status: Consumer enforcement in force from 6 April 2025
What the law demands: The CMA can fine businesses directly up to 10% of global turnover for unfair commercial practices, including fake reviews, drip pricing and pressure selling, which covers AI-generated content and AI-driven sales.
Official text: https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2024/13
Check yourself: https://sebbi.pro/legislation/uk

LAW: Data Protection Act 2018
Jurisdiction: UK
Status: In force
What the law demands: Supplements UK GDPR: lawful processing, special category conditions, law enforcement processing and the ICO's enforcement powers.
Official text: https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2018/12
Check yourself: https://sebbi.pro/legislation/uk

LAW: Equality Act 2010
Jurisdiction: UK
Status: In force
What the law demands: Bans discrimination by protected characteristic, including by algorithm; public bodies must have due regard to equality (s.149); the burden of proof shifts to you once discrimination is indicated (s.136).
Official text: https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2010/15
Check yourself: https://sebbi.pro/legislation/uk

LAW: Product Security and Telecommunications Infrastructure Act 2022
Jurisdiction: UK
Status: Security requirements in force from 29 April 2024
What the law demands: Connected consumer products must meet security requirements: no default passwords, a vulnerability disclosure policy and a stated minimum security update period.
Official text: https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2022/46
Check yourself: https://sebbi.pro/legislation/uk

LAW: Consumer Rights Act 2015
Jurisdiction: UK
Status: In force
What the law demands: Digital content, including AI-powered products and services, must be of satisfactory quality, fit for purpose and as described.
Official text: https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2015/15
Check yourself: https://sebbi.pro/legislation/uk

LAW: Civil Evidence Act 1995
Jurisdiction: UK
Status: In force
What the law demands: Business records can be admitted in court on a certificate signed by an officer of the business (s.9).
Official text: https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1995/38
Check yourself: https://sebbi.pro/legislation/uk

#### P602 EU LAW - Every EU law on sebbi.pro (33)


LAW: EU AI Act
Jurisdiction: EU
Status: In force
What the law demands: The EU's law on artificial intelligence. High-risk systems must manage risk, keep logs, be transparent and stay under human oversight.
sebbi.pro checks that test this law: 56
Official text: https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2024/1689/oj
Check yourself: https://sebbi.pro/checks/eu-ai-act

LAW: EN 18286:2026 (AI Act QMS)
Jurisdiction: EU
Status: In force
What the law demands: The first harmonised standard under the EU AI Act (Implementing Decision (EU) 2026/2274, 14 Oct 2026): the quality management system providers of high-risk AI need under Article 17. Meeting it gives a presumption of conformity.
sebbi.pro checks that test this law: 36
Official text: https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2024/1689/oj
Check yourself: https://sebbi.pro/checks/en-18286

LAW: GDPR (UK and EU)
Jurisdiction: UK & EU
Status: In force
What the law demands: Data protection law covering how personal data is collected, used, kept and explained, including automated decisions about people.
sebbi.pro checks that test this law: 33
Official text: https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2016/679/oj
Check yourself: https://sebbi.pro/checks/gdpr

LAW: DORA
Jurisdiction: EU
Status: In force
What the law demands: The EU Digital Operational Resilience Act for banks, insurers and their technology suppliers.
sebbi.pro checks that test this law: 18
Official text: https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2022/2554/oj
Check yourself: https://sebbi.pro/checks/dora

LAW: EU Digital Services Act
Jurisdiction: EU
Status: In force
What the law demands: EU law on online platforms: transparency, notice and action, recommender systems and systemic risk.
sebbi.pro checks that test this law: 14
Official text: https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2022/2065/oj
Check yourself: https://sebbi.pro/checks/digital-services-act

LAW: EU Cyber Resilience Act
Jurisdiction: EU
Status: In force
What the law demands: EU security requirements for products with digital elements, through their whole life.
sebbi.pro checks that test this law: 12
Official text: https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2024/2847/oj
Check yourself: https://sebbi.pro/checks/cyber-resilience-act

LAW: NIS2
Jurisdiction: EU
Status: In force
What the law demands: The EU directive on cybersecurity for essential and important entities.
sebbi.pro checks that test this law: 12
Official text: https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/dir/2022/2555/oj
Check yourself: https://sebbi.pro/checks/nis2

LAW: EU Product Liability Directive
Jurisdiction: EU
Status: In force
What the law demands: Directive (EU) 2024/2853, in national law by 9 December 2026. Software and AI are products, liability needs no proof of fault, and a court can presume a product defective if the maker cannot disclose the evidence.
sebbi.pro checks that test this law: 15
Official text: https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/dir/2024/2853/oj
Check yourself: https://sebbi.pro/checks/product-liability-directive

LAW: Consumer Credit Directive 2 (AI)
Jurisdiction: EU
Status: In force
What the law demands: Directive (EU) 2023/2225, applying from 20 November 2026. Consumers refused credit by automated scoring get human intervention, an explanation and the right to contest it.
sebbi.pro checks that test this law: 11
Official text: https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/dir/2023/2225/oj
Check yourself: https://sebbi.pro/checks/consumer-credit-directive-ai

LAW: EU green claims rules
Jurisdiction: EU
Status: In force
What the law demands: Directive (EU) 2024/825, applying from 27 September 2026. Generic environmental claims, and neutral claims based on offsetting, are banned; every claim needs evidence.
sebbi.pro checks that test this law: 10
Official text: https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/dir/2024/825/oj
Check yourself: https://sebbi.pro/checks/green-claims

LAW: EU Platform Work Directive
Jurisdiction: EU
Status: In force
What the law demands: Directive (EU) 2024/2831, in national law by 2 December 2026. Platforms must inform workers about algorithmic management, keep humans in charge of key decisions and explain and review them.
sebbi.pro checks that test this law: 12
Official text: https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/dir/2024/2831/oj
Check yourself: https://sebbi.pro/checks/platform-work-directive

LAW: European Accessibility Act
Jurisdiction: EU
Status: In force
What the law demands: Directive (EU) 2019/882, applying since 28 June 2025. E-commerce, banking, transport, e-books and communications services must be accessible to disabled people.
sebbi.pro checks that test this law: 12
Official text: https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/dir/2019/882/oj
Check yourself: https://sebbi.pro/checks/european-accessibility-act

LAW: AI power and energy use
Jurisdiction: EU
Status: In force
What the law demands: The energy rules reaching AI: model energy documentation under the EU AI Act, data centre reporting under the Energy Efficiency Directive, SECR, ESOS and CSRD.
sebbi.pro checks that test this law: 13
Official text: https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/dir/2023/1791/oj
Check yourself: https://sebbi.pro/checks/ai-power-and-energy

LAW: AI Act, Regulation (EU) 2024/1689
Jurisdiction: EU
Status: In force; applying in stages to 2028, applying
What the law demands: The comprehensive AI law: prohibitions, high-risk requirements, transparency and general-purpose model duties.
Official text: https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2024/1689/oj
Check yourself: https://sebbi.pro/legislation/eu

LAW: Digital Omnibus on AI, Regulation (EU) 2026/1744
Jurisdiction: EU
Status: In force 27 July 2026, in force
What the law demands: Moves high-risk deadlines to 2 December 2027 (Annex III) and 2 August 2028 (Annex I), adds a ban on nudification and child abuse material generation, eases rules for smaller firms.
Official text: https://artificialintelligenceact.eu/ai-act-explorer/digital-omnibus/
Check yourself: https://sebbi.pro/legislation/eu

LAW: General Data Protection Regulation (EU) 2016/679
Jurisdiction: EU
Status: Applying since 25 May 2018, applying
What the law demands: Lawful processing, accountability, data subject rights and safeguards for automated decisions (Article 22).
Official text: https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2016/679/oj
Check yourself: https://sebbi.pro/legislation/eu

LAW: Digital Services Act, Regulation (EU) 2022/2065
Jurisdiction: EU
Status: Applying since 17 February 2024, applying
What the law demands: Statements of reasons for moderation (including automated), recommender transparency, systemic risk duties for very large platforms.
Official text: https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2022/2065/oj
Check yourself: https://sebbi.pro/legislation/eu

LAW: Digital Markets Act, Regulation (EU) 2022/1925
Jurisdiction: EU
Status: Applying since 2 May 2023, applying
What the law demands: Obligations on designated gatekeepers, including limits on combining personal data and self-preferencing in ranking.
Official text: https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2022/1925/oj
Check yourself: https://sebbi.pro/legislation/eu

LAW: Data Act, Regulation (EU) 2023/2854
Jurisdiction: EU
Status: Applying since 12 September 2025, applying
What the law demands: Access to connected-product data, switching between cloud providers, and smart contract safeguards (Article 36).
Official text: https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2023/2854/oj
Check yourself: https://sebbi.pro/legislation/eu

LAW: Cyber Resilience Act, Regulation (EU) 2024/2847
Jurisdiction: EU
Status: Reporting from 11 September 2026, main duties from 11 December 2027, applying
What the law demands: Security by design for products with digital elements, and 24-hour reporting of actively exploited vulnerabilities.
Official text: https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2024/2847/oj
Check yourself: https://sebbi.pro/legislation/eu

LAW: NIS2 Directive (EU) 2022/2555
Jurisdiction: EU
Status: Transposition due 17 October 2024, applying
What the law demands: Cybersecurity risk management and incident reporting for essential and important entities.
Official text: https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/dir/2022/2555/oj
Check yourself: https://sebbi.pro/legislation/eu

LAW: Product Liability Directive (EU) 2024/2853
Jurisdiction: EU
Status: Transposition due 9 December 2026, adopted
What the law demands: Software and AI are products; courts can presume a defect when the maker can't disclose evidence.
Official text: https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/dir/2024/2853/oj
Check yourself: https://sebbi.pro/legislation/eu

LAW: General Product Safety Regulation (EU) 2023/988
Jurisdiction: EU
Status: Applying since 13 December 2024, applying
What the law demands: Safety duties for consumer products including connected ones, with accident reporting.
Official text: https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2023/988/oj
Check yourself: https://sebbi.pro/legislation/eu

LAW: Machinery Regulation (EU) 2023/1230
Jurisdiction: EU
Status: Applies from 20 January 2027, adopted
What the law demands: Safety requirements for machinery with self-evolving behaviour, including recording safety-related decisions.
Official text: https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2023/1230/oj
Check yourself: https://sebbi.pro/legislation/eu

LAW: eIDAS 2, Regulation (EU) 2024/1183
Jurisdiction: EU
Status: In force 20 May 2024, applying
What the law demands: European Digital Identity Wallets and trust services; electronic timestamps can't be refused as evidence for being electronic.
Official text: https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2024/1183/oj
Check yourself: https://sebbi.pro/legislation/eu

LAW: European Accessibility Act, Directive (EU) 2019/882
Jurisdiction: EU
Status: Applying since 28 June 2025, applying
What the law demands: Accessibility for e-commerce, banking, transport, e-books and communications.
Official text: https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/dir/2019/882/oj
Check yourself: https://sebbi.pro/legislation/eu

LAW: Pay Transparency Directive (EU) 2023/970
Jurisdiction: EU
Status: Transposition due 7 June 2026, adopted
What the law demands: Objective, gender-neutral pay criteria and the employer's burden to prove no discrimination.
Official text: https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/dir/2023/970/oj
Check yourself: https://sebbi.pro/legislation/eu

LAW: Platform Work Directive (EU) 2024/2831
Jurisdiction: EU
Status: Transposition due 2 December 2026, adopted
What the law demands: Human oversight and review of algorithmic management of platform workers.
Official text: https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/dir/2024/2831/oj
Check yourself: https://sebbi.pro/legislation/eu

LAW: Consumer Credit Directive (EU) 2023/2225
Jurisdiction: EU
Status: Applies from 20 November 2026, adopted
What the law demands: Human intervention and explanation for automated creditworthiness assessments.
Official text: https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/dir/2023/2225/oj
Check yourself: https://sebbi.pro/legislation/eu

LAW: Empowering Consumers for the Green Transition, Directive (EU) 2024/825
Jurisdiction: EU
Status: Applies from 27 September 2026, applying
What the law demands: Bans generic and offset-based environmental claims; every claim needs evidence.
Official text: https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/dir/2024/825/oj
Check yourself: https://sebbi.pro/legislation/eu

LAW: European Health Data Space, Regulation (EU) 2025/327
Jurisdiction: EU
Status: In force March 2025, applying in stages, adopted
What the law demands: Patients' access to electronic health data and rules for secondary use of health data, including for training AI.
Official text: https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2025/327/oj
Check yourself: https://sebbi.pro/legislation/eu

LAW: AI Liability Directive (proposal)
Jurisdiction: EU
Status: Withdrawn by the Commission in 2025, withdrawn
What the law demands: Would have eased proof of fault for AI harm. Withdrawn; AI harm is handled by national law and the new Product Liability Directive.
Official text: https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:52022PC0496
Check yourself: https://sebbi.pro/legislation/eu

LAW: ePrivacy Regulation (proposal)
Jurisdiction: EU
Status: Withdrawn by the Commission in 2025, withdrawn
What the law demands: Would have replaced the ePrivacy Directive on cookies and electronic communications. The Directive remains in force.
Official text: https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:52017PC0010
Check yourself: https://sebbi.pro/legislation/eu

#### P603 US LAW - Federal and state (17)


LAW: NIST AI RMF
Jurisdiction: US
Status: In force
What the law demands: The US National Institute of Standards and Technology's AI Risk Management Framework: govern, map, measure, manage.
sebbi.pro checks that test this law: 18
Official text: https://www.nist.gov/itl/ai-risk-management-framework
Check yourself: https://sebbi.pro/checks/nist-ai-rmf

LAW: HIPAA
Jurisdiction: US
Status: In force
What the law demands: US health privacy and security rules for protected health information.
sebbi.pro checks that test this law: 16
Official text: https://www.hhs.gov/hipaa/for-professionals/security/index.html
Check yourself: https://sebbi.pro/checks/hipaa

LAW: CCPA / CPRA
Jurisdiction: US
Status: In force
What the law demands: California's consumer privacy law, including rights over automated decision-making.
sebbi.pro checks that test this law: 14
Official text: https://cppa.ca.gov/
Check yourself: https://sebbi.pro/checks/ccpa-cpra

LAW: US state AI laws
Jurisdiction: US
Status: In force
What the law demands: State laws on AI such as Colorado's AI Act, NYC Local Law 144 and others on automated decisions and disclosures.
sebbi.pro checks that test this law: 12
Official text: https://leg.colorado.gov/bills/sb24-205
Check yourself: https://sebbi.pro/checks/us-state-ai-laws

LAW: Model risk (SR 11-7)
Jurisdiction: US
Status: In force
What the law demands: US supervisory guidance on model risk management: development, validation, monitoring and governance.
sebbi.pro checks that test this law: 12
Official text: https://www.federalreserve.gov/supervisionreg/srletters/sr1107.htm
Check yourself: https://sebbi.pro/checks/model-risk-sr-11-7

LAW: TAKE IT DOWN Act
Jurisdiction: US
Status: Signed 19 May 2025 (Public Law 119-12); platform removal duty from 19 May 2026
What the law demands: Criminalises publishing non-consensual intimate images, including AI-generated deepfakes, and requires covered platforms to remove them within 48 hours of a valid request.
Official text: https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/senate-bill/146
Check yourself: https://sebbi.pro/legislation/us

LAW: National Artificial Intelligence Initiative Act of 2020
Jurisdiction: US
Status: Enacted 1 January 2021 (in the FY2021 NDAA)
What the law demands: Establishes the national AI initiative, the National AI Initiative Office and NIST's role in AI standards, including the AI Risk Management Framework.
Official text: https://www.congress.gov/bill/116th-congress/house-bill/6216
Check yourself: https://sebbi.pro/legislation/us

LAW: Executive Order 14179: Removing Barriers to American Leadership in AI
Jurisdiction: US
Status: Signed 23 January 2025
What the law demands: Revoked the 2023 AI executive order and directed an action plan to sustain US AI leadership.
Official text: https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2025/01/31/2025-02172/removing-barriers-to-american-leadership-in-artificial-intelligence
Check yourself: https://sebbi.pro/legislation/us

LAW: Executive Order 14365: Ensuring a National Policy Framework for AI
Jurisdiction: US
Status: Signed December 2025
What the law demands: Directs an AI Litigation Task Force to challenge state AI laws, ties some federal funding to state AI policy, and asks the FCC and FTC to consider federal standards. An order has no preemptive force by itself; Congress has not passed preemption.
Official text: https://www.whitehouse.gov/presidential-actions/2025/12/eliminating-state-law-obstruction-of-national-artificial-intelligence-policy/
Check yourself: https://sebbi.pro/legislation/us

LAW: OMB Memorandum M-25-21
Jurisdiction: US
Status: Issued April 2025
What the law demands: Federal agencies must inventory AI use cases and apply minimum risk management practices to high-impact AI, including testing, impact assessment, human oversight and the ability to stop use.
Official text: https://www.whitehouse.gov/omb/information-resources/guidance/memoranda/
Check yourself: https://sebbi.pro/legislation/us

LAW: Equal Credit Opportunity Act and Regulation B
Jurisdiction: US
Status: In force; CFPB Circulars 2022-03 and 2023-03
What the law demands: Creditors must give specific, accurate reasons when they refuse credit, even when a complex algorithm or AI made the decision.
Official text: https://www.consumerfinance.gov/rules-policy/regulations/1002/
Check yourself: https://sebbi.pro/legislation/us

LAW: FTC Act, Section 5
Jurisdiction: US
Status: In force
What the law demands: Unfair or deceptive practices are unlawful, including false claims about what AI can do and AI used to deceive consumers.
Official text: https://www.ftc.gov/legal-library/browse/statutes/federal-trade-commission-act
Check yourself: https://sebbi.pro/legislation/us

LAW: Colorado Artificial Intelligence Act (SB24-205)
Jurisdiction: US
Status: Effective date moved to 30 June 2026 by a 2025 special session
What the law demands: Developers and deployers of high-risk AI must use reasonable care against algorithmic discrimination, run impact assessments and notify consumers.
Official text: https://leg.colorado.gov/bills/sb24-205
Check yourself: https://sebbi.pro/legislation/us

LAW: California Transparency in Frontier AI Act (SB 53)
Jurisdiction: US
Status: Signed 29 September 2025, effective 1 January 2026
What the law demands: Large frontier model developers must publish a safety framework, report critical safety incidents and protect whistleblowers.
Official text: https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=202520260SB53
Check yourself: https://sebbi.pro/legislation/us

LAW: Texas Responsible AI Governance Act (HB 149)
Jurisdiction: US
Status: Effective 1 January 2026
What the law demands: Bans certain harmful AI uses, requires disclosure when government agencies use AI with consumers, and creates a regulatory sandbox.
Official text: https://capitol.texas.gov/BillLookup/History.aspx?LegSess=89R&Bill=HB149
Check yourself: https://sebbi.pro/legislation/us

LAW: New York City Local Law 144
Jurisdiction: US
Status: Enforced since 5 July 2023
What the law demands: Employers using automated employment decision tools need an independent bias audit within a year, published results and candidate notice.
Official text: https://www.nyc.gov/site/dca/about/automated-employment-decision-tools.page
Check yourself: https://sebbi.pro/legislation/us

LAW: Illinois HB 3773 (AI in employment)
Jurisdiction: US
Status: Effective 1 January 2026
What the law demands: Amends the Illinois Human Rights Act: employers may not use AI that discriminates and must notify workers when AI is used in employment decisions.
Official text: https://www.ilga.gov/legislation/BillStatus.asp?DocNum=3773&GAID=17&DocTypeID=HB&SessionID=112
Check yourself: https://sebbi.pro/legislation/us

#### P604 BANKING LAW - Fraud, payments, scams (22)


LAW: FCA CP26/38: Financial Crime Guide updates
Jurisdiction: UK
Status: Consultation, opened 23 October 2026, closes 24 December 2026
What the law demands: Proposed changes to the Financial Crime Guide across fraud, cryptoassets, sanctions, proliferation financing, data security, systems and controls, and money laundering. On fraud the focus is what a firm did with the information its own controls generated: negative Confirmation of Payee results, transactions that depart from expected behaviour, unusual payment values and beneficiary patterns, new payees taking high-value payments, monitoring informed by onboarding information, investigation and intervention, APP fraud and money mules.
How sebbi.pro proves it: Every alert sealed the moment it fires, every response sealed against it with the role that took it, a gaps list of anything left unanswered, and a sealed evidence pack that answers the question for any period.
Official text: https://www.fca.org.uk/publications/consultation-papers/cp26-38-financial-crime-guide-updates
Check yourself: https://sebbi.pro/banking/law#fca-cp26-38

LAW: FCA Financial Crime Guide (FCG)
Jurisdiction: UK
Status: In force (guidance)
What the law demands: What the FCA expects of financial crime systems and controls: governance, risk assessment, monitoring, and good and poor practice for fraud, money laundering and sanctions.
How sebbi.pro proves it: 40 banking controls checked against the record, each result sealed; live fraud signals and actions as ongoing evidence.
Official text: https://www.handbook.fca.org.uk/handbook/FCG/
Check yourself: https://sebbi.pro/banking/law#fca-fcg

LAW: FCA multi-firm review: money mules and cashing out
Jurisdiction: UK
Status: Published 23 September 2026
What the law demands: Firms closed 238,396 suspected mule accounts in 2025. The FCA expects firms to understand how funds move between accounts, look beyond the first receiving account to linked accounts, payment characteristics and context, and keep controls under review.
How sebbi.pro proves it: Pass-through and many-payers-one-payee indicators on every signal, and sealed records of each mule decision.
Official text: https://www.fca.org.uk/news/press-releases/firms-crack-down-money-mules-need-do-more
Check yourself: https://sebbi.pro/banking/law#fca-mules-2026

LAW: FCA SYSC 6.1.1R and SYSC 3.2.6R
Jurisdiction: UK
Status: In force
What the law demands: Policies and procedures that counter the risk the firm is used to further financial crime, and effective systems and controls.
How sebbi.pro proves it: Tamper-evident record that the controls exist, ran and were acted on.
Official text: https://www.handbook.fca.org.uk/handbook/SYSC/6/1.html
Check yourself: https://sebbi.pro/banking/law#sysc

LAW: FCA Consumer Duty (PRIN 2A) and FG21/1 vulnerable customers
Jurisdiction: UK
Status: In force since 31 July 2023
What the law demands: Act to avoid foreseeable harm to retail customers, including harm from fraud and scams, and take extra care with customers in vulnerable circumstances.
How sebbi.pro proves it: Warnings, interventions and vulnerability handling sealed per case; outcome figures in the evidence pack.
Official text: https://www.handbook.fca.org.uk/handbook/PRIN/2A/
Check yourself: https://sebbi.pro/banking/law#consumer-duty

LAW: Payment Services Regulations 2017, as amended in 2024
Jurisdiction: UK
Status: In force (delay power since October 2024)
What the law demands: A payment firm may delay an outbound payment by up to 4 business days where it has reasonable grounds to suspect fraud or dishonesty by someone other than the payer, must tell the payer about the delay and what is needed, and bears the costs. FCA FG24/6 (22 November 2024) explains the threshold.
How sebbi.pro proves it: Every CHALLENGE or BLOCK names the power, starts the clock and seals the reasons that formed the suspicion.
Official text: https://www.fca.org.uk/publication/finalised-guidance/fg24-6.pdf
Check yourself: https://sebbi.pro/banking/law#psrs-2017

LAW: APP scam reimbursement (PSR Specific Direction 20 and CHAPS rules)
Jurisdiction: UK
Status: In force since 7 October 2024
What the law demands: Reimburse APP scam victims on Faster Payments and CHAPS up to GBP 85,000 per claim (PS24/7), within 5 business days or 35 with stop-the-clock, claims within 13 months, optional excess up to GBP 100 (never for vulnerable customers), cost split 50/50 with the receiving firm. The firm carries the burden of proving gross negligence. An independent review of the regime is under way, and the PSR's functions are moving into the FCA with these rules preserved.
How sebbi.pro proves it: Sealed claim position, deadlines and the case history that shows what warnings and interventions came first.
Official text: https://www.psr.org.uk/our-work/app-scams/
Check yourself: https://sebbi.pro/banking/law#psr-sd20

LAW: Confirmation of Payee (PSR Specific Direction 17)
Jurisdiction: UK
Status: In force
What the law demands: Name checking before payment across the UK's payment firms. The PSR fined Bank of Ireland UK GBP 3,779,300 for a 14-month delay in rolling it out.
How sebbi.pro proves it: Every CoP result recorded with the payment, and every no-match or close-match sealed with what was done about it.
Official text: https://www.psr.org.uk/our-work/confirmation-of-payee/
Check yourself: https://sebbi.pro/banking/law#psr-cop

LAW: Money Laundering Regulations 2017
Jurisdiction: UK
Status: In force
What the law demands: Firm-wide risk assessment (reg 18), policies and controls (reg 19), a nominated officer (reg 21), customer due diligence and ongoing monitoring (regs 27 and 28), enhanced due diligence (reg 33), records for 5 years (reg 40).
How sebbi.pro proves it: Onboarding profile sealed and used in monitoring; every decision kept in a record nobody can edit.
Official text: https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2017/692/contents
Check yourself: https://sebbi.pro/banking/law#mlrs-2017

LAW: Proceeds of Crime Act 2002, Part 7
Jurisdiction: UK
Status: In force
What the law demands: Report knowledge or suspicion of money laundering in the regulated sector (s330); seek a defence against money laundering before proceeding where needed (s335). Do not tip off.
How sebbi.pro proves it: SAR and DAML steps sealed as case actions, timed against the signal that triggered them, with no customer data stored.
Official text: https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2002/29/part/7
Check yourself: https://sebbi.pro/banking/law#poca-2002

LAW: Failure to prevent fraud (Economic Crime and Corporate Transparency Act 2023, s199)
Jurisdiction: UK
Status: In force since 1 September 2025
What the law demands: Large organisations (two of: over 250 staff, over GBP 36m turnover, over GBP 18m assets) are criminally liable, with an unlimited fine, for fraud by associated persons for their benefit, unless they had reasonable prevention procedures. Government guidance sets six principles: top-level commitment, risk assessment, proportionate procedures, due diligence, communication and training, monitoring and review.
How sebbi.pro proves it: Dated, sealed proof that the procedures existed and operated at the relevant time, which is exactly what the defence needs.
Official text: https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/offence-of-failure-to-prevent-fraud-introduced-by-eccta
Check yourself: https://sebbi.pro/banking/law#eccta-ftpf

LAW: ECCTA 2023 information sharing to prevent economic crime
Jurisdiction: UK
Status: In force
What the law demands: Relief from civil liability for regulated firms that share customer information to prevent, detect or investigate economic crime.
How sebbi.pro proves it: Sharing decisions sealed as case actions, so the firm can show when and why it shared.
Official text: https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2023/56/contents
Check yourself: https://sebbi.pro/banking/law#eccta-share

LAW: PRA SS1/23 model risk management
Jurisdiction: UK
Status: In effect since 17 May 2024
What the law demands: Banks identify, tier, validate and monitor models, including AI and machine-learning models used in fraud detection.
How sebbi.pro proves it: Each fraud decision sealed with its score and reasons, giving a live performance record for validation.
Official text: https://www.bankofengland.co.uk/prudential-regulation/publication/2023/may/model-risk-management-principles-for-banks-ss
Check yourself: https://sebbi.pro/banking/law#pra-ss1-23

LAW: Home Office Fraud Strategy 2026 to 2029
Jurisdiction: UK
Status: Government strategy
What the law demands: Recognises the role money mule networks play in fraud and pushes firms, regulators and government to disrupt them together.
How sebbi.pro proves it: Mule indicators and sealed mule decisions a firm can stand behind.
Official text: https://www.gov.uk/government/organisations/home-office
Check yourself: https://sebbi.pro/banking/law#fraud-strategy

LAW: Instant Payments Regulation (EU) 2024/886: Verification of Payee
Jurisdiction: EU
Status: Applies since 9 October 2025 in the euro area; 9 July 2027 for non-euro Member States
What the law demands: Check the payee name against the IBAN before a euro credit transfer and warn the payer of a mismatch. A provider that fails to warn carries the loss.
How sebbi.pro proves it: Each verification result and the payer's choice sealed with the payment.
Official text: https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2024/886/oj
Check yourself: https://sebbi.pro/banking/law#eu-ipr

LAW: EU Payment Services Regulation and PSD3
Jurisdiction: EU
Status: Political agreement November 2025; final texts April 2026; adoption expected in the second half of 2026
What the law demands: Verification of payee for all credit transfers, transaction monitoring as a standalone duty with liability for losses when controls fall short, a refund right for bank-impersonation (spoofing) fraud, and fraud data sharing between providers.
How sebbi.pro proves it: Monitoring that leaves a sealed trail, ready for the day liability turns on proving the controls worked.
Official text: https://finance.ec.europa.eu/regulation-and-supervision/financial-services-legislation/implementing-and-delegated-acts/payment-services-directive_en
Check yourself: https://sebbi.pro/banking/law#eu-psr-psd3

LAW: EU Anti-Money Laundering Regulation (EU) 2024/1624
Jurisdiction: EU
Status: Applies from 10 July 2027
What the law demands: One rulebook for customer due diligence, ongoing monitoring and reporting across the EU, supervised with AMLA.
How sebbi.pro proves it: Monitoring decisions and reports sealed per case, in a format any supervisor can check.
Official text: https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2024/1624/oj
Check yourself: https://sebbi.pro/banking/law#eu-amlr

LAW: EU AI Act, Annex III point 5(b)
Jurisdiction: EU
Status: In force; high-risk duties phase in
What the law demands: AI for creditworthiness and credit scoring is high-risk; AI used to detect financial fraud is carved out of that line. Fraud AI still sits under the Act's general duties and the firm's own governance.
How sebbi.pro proves it: Fraud models get decision receipts anyway, so the carve-out never becomes a blind spot.
Official text: https://artificialintelligenceact.eu/annex/3/
Check yourself: https://sebbi.pro/banking/law#eu-ai-act

LAW: Digital Operational Resilience Act (DORA)
Jurisdiction: EU
Status: Applies since 17 January 2025
What the law demands: ICT risk management, incident reporting and third-party oversight for financial entities.
How sebbi.pro proves it: Incidents and control events sealed with timestamps a supervisor can verify without trusting the firm.
Official text: https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2022/2554/oj
Check yourself: https://sebbi.pro/banking/law#eu-dora

LAW: Bank Secrecy Act: suspicious activity reports (31 CFR 1020.320)
Jurisdiction: US
Status: In force
What the law demands: Banks file a SAR within 30 calendar days of first detecting facts that may justify one.
How sebbi.pro proves it: The detection moment is sealed, so the 30-day clock is provable from the first alert.
Official text: https://www.ecfr.gov/current/title-31/subtitle-B/chapter-X/part-1020/subpart-C/section-1020.320
Check yourself: https://sebbi.pro/banking/law#us-bsa-sar

LAW: Regulation E error resolution (12 CFR 1005.11)
Jurisdiction: US
Status: In force
What the law demands: Investigate notified electronic fund transfer errors, generally within 10 business days, with time limits for credits and notices.
How sebbi.pro proves it: Each investigation step sealed with its date.
Official text: https://www.ecfr.gov/current/title-12/chapter-X/part-1005/subpart-A/section-1005.11
Check yourself: https://sebbi.pro/banking/law#us-reg-e

LAW: Federal Reserve SR 11-7 model risk
Jurisdiction: US
Status: In force (supervisory guidance)
What the law demands: Sound development, validation and governance of models, including fraud models.
How sebbi.pro proves it: A sealed, per-decision performance trail for every fraud model.
Official text: https://www.federalreserve.gov/supervisionreg/srletters/sr1107.htm
Check yourself: https://sebbi.pro/banking/law#us-sr-11-7

#### P605 HIDDEN DUTIES - The duties nobody tells you about (18)


LAW: GDPR accountability: be able to demonstrate
Jurisdiction: EU and UK
Status: Applies from 2018
Reference: Article 5(2)
What the law demands: The controller is responsible for, and must be able to demonstrate, compliance with every data protection principle.
Why records matter: Compliance you cannot demonstrate does not count. The burden is on you, not the regulator.
Official text: https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2016/679/oj
Check yourself: https://sebbi.pro/hidden-laws#gdpr-5-2

LAW: SCHUFA: a score can be the decision
Jurisdiction: EU
Status: Applies from 2023
Reference: CJEU C-634/21, 7 December 2023
What the law demands: Producing a score is itself an automated decision under GDPR Article 22 when a third party draws strongly on it to grant, refuse or set terms.
Why records matter: Anyone who scores people for others is caught by the automated-decision rules, and needs a record of every score and its basis.
Official text: https://curia.europa.eu/juris/liste.jsf?num=C-634/21
Check yourself: https://sebbi.pro/hidden-laws#schufa

LAW: Dun & Bradstreet Austria: explain what was actually done
Jurisdiction: EU
Status: Applies from 2025
Reference: CJEU C-203/22, 27 February 2025
What the law demands: The right of access requires a concise, intelligible explanation of the procedure and principles actually applied to the person's data to reach the decision. Handing over a formula is not enough; trade secrets are weighed by the court or authority, not used as a blanket refusal.
Why records matter: You must be able to reconstruct each individual decision, after the event, in plain language.
Official text: https://curia.europa.eu/juris/liste.jsf?num=C-203/22
Check yourself: https://sebbi.pro/hidden-laws#dun-bradstreet

LAW: Bridges: unchecked bias made facial recognition unlawful
Jurisdiction: England and Wales
Status: Applies from 2020
Reference: R (Bridges) v Chief Constable of South Wales Police [2020] EWCA Civ 1058
What the law demands: Use of live facial recognition was unlawful, in part because the force had not done enough to satisfy itself the software was not biased, as the Public Sector Equality Duty requires.
Why records matter: A public body using AI must be able to show it checked the system for bias before and during use.
Official text: https://www.bailii.org/ew/cases/EWCA/Civ/2020/1058.html
Check yourself: https://sebbi.pro/hidden-laws#bridges

LAW: Public Sector Equality Duty
Jurisdiction: Great Britain
Status: Applies from 2011
Reference: Equality Act 2010, s.149
What the law demands: Public authorities, and anyone exercising public functions, must have due regard to eliminating discrimination and advancing equality of opportunity.
Why records matter: Due regard has to be shown, at the time, before a decision. A record made afterwards does not satisfy it.
Official text: https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2010/15/section/149
Check yourself: https://sebbi.pro/hidden-laws#psed

LAW: Algorithmic Transparency Recording Standard
Jurisdiction: UK central government
Status: Applies from 2024
Reference: ATRS mandatory scope and exemptions policy
What the law demands: Central government organisations must publish a record for each algorithmic tool that significantly influences decisions with public effect or interacts directly with the public.
Why records matter: Suppliers to government need records their customers can publish.
Official text: https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/algorithmic-transparency-recording-standard-mandatory-scope-and-exemptions-policy/algorithmic-transparency-recording-standard-atrs-mandatory-scope-and-exemptions-policy
Check yourself: https://sebbi.pro/hidden-laws#atrs

LAW: Freedom of Information: AI records are disclosable
Jurisdiction: UK
Status: Applies from 2005
Reference: Freedom of Information Act 2000
What the law demands: Anyone can request information held by a public authority, which must answer within 20 working days unless an exemption applies.
Why records matter: Records of how a public body's AI reached decisions can be requested by the public, so they need to exist and be reliable.
Official text: https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2000/36
Check yourself: https://sebbi.pro/hidden-laws#foia

LAW: Data Act: smart contracts need a kill switch and an archive
Jurisdiction: EU
Status: Applies from 12 September 2025
Reference: Regulation (EU) 2023/2854, Article 36
What the law demands: Vendors of applications using smart contracts to execute data-sharing agreements must ensure robustness and access control, safe termination and interruption, archiving of transaction data, logic and code for an auditable record, and consistency with the agreement.
Why records matter: Automated agents that execute agreements need a stop control and an auditable record of every transaction.
Official text: https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2023/2854/oj
Check yourself: https://sebbi.pro/hidden-laws#data-act-36

LAW: eIDAS: electronic timestamps have legal effect
Jurisdiction: EU
Status: Applies from 2016
Reference: Regulation (EU) No 910/2014 (as amended by 2024/1183), Article 41
What the law demands: An electronic time stamp shall not be denied legal effect or admissibility as evidence solely because it is electronic or not qualified. Qualified time stamps enjoy a presumption of accurate date and time.
Why records matter: A timestamp proving when a record existed is admissible evidence across the EU.
Official text: https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2014/910/oj
Check yourself: https://sebbi.pro/hidden-laws#eidas-41

LAW: Machinery Regulation: self-evolving machines must record their safety decisions
Jurisdiction: EU
Status: Applies from 20 January 2027
Reference: Regulation (EU) 2023/1230, Annex III
What the law demands: Machinery and safety components with fully or partially self-evolving behaviour must record data on the safety-related decision-making process, kept for a year, and log interventions and safety software versions.
Why records matter: Robots and AI-driven machines need a tamper-proof decision log before they can carry a CE mark.
Official text: https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2023/1230/oj
Check yourself: https://sebbi.pro/hidden-laws#machinery

LAW: Algorithmic trading: records, kill switch and annual self-assessment
Jurisdiction: EU
Status: Applies from 2018
Reference: MiFID II Article 17 and Delegated Regulation (EU) 2017/589 (RTS 6)
What the law demands: Investment firms trading algorithmically must test algorithms, have kill functionality, monitor in real time, keep records and carry out an annual self-assessment.
Why records matter: Every algorithmic order and control action needs a record a supervisor can check.
Official text: https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg_del/2017/589/oj
Check yourself: https://sebbi.pro/hidden-laws#mifid-rts6

LAW: DSA statements of reasons, including automation
Jurisdiction: EU
Status: Applies from 17 February 2024
Reference: Regulation (EU) 2022/2065, Articles 17 and 24(5)
What the law demands: Hosting services must give a clear statement of reasons for each restriction of content or accounts, including whether automated means were used, and online platforms submit these to the public DSA Transparency Database.
Why records matter: Every automated moderation decision needs a record of what was decided, why, and whether a machine did it.
Official text: https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2022/2065/oj
Check yourself: https://sebbi.pro/hidden-laws#dsa-17

LAW: Platform-to-Business: reasons and ranking
Jurisdiction: EU
Status: Applies from 12 July 2020
Reference: Regulation (EU) 2019/1150, Articles 4 and 5
What the law demands: Online intermediation services must give business users a statement of reasons before restricting, suspending or terminating them, and set out the main parameters that determine ranking.
Why records matter: Marketplaces and app stores need a record of each automated restriction and the ranking logic in force at the time.
Official text: https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2019/1150/oj
Check yourself: https://sebbi.pro/hidden-laws#p2b

LAW: Pay Transparency: the employer must prove no discrimination
Jurisdiction: EU
Status: Applies from 7 June 2026 (transposition)
Reference: Directive (EU) 2023/970
What the law demands: Pay structures must rest on objective, gender-neutral criteria; workers can request pay information; and where discrimination is presumed, the employer must prove there was none.
Why records matter: AI used to set pay, grades or bonuses needs records showing the criteria applied to each decision.
Official text: https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/dir/2023/970/oj
Check yourself: https://sebbi.pro/hidden-laws#pay-transparency

LAW: General Product Safety Regulation
Jurisdiction: EU
Status: Applies from 13 December 2024
Reference: Regulation (EU) 2023/988
What the law demands: Products, including connected products with software features, must be safe; manufacturers keep technical documentation, handle complaints and notify accidents through the Safety Business Gateway.
Why records matter: Software-driven products need a record of complaints, incidents and the version in use when something went wrong.
Official text: https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2023/988/oj
Check yourself: https://sebbi.pro/hidden-laws#gpsr

LAW: Cyber Resilience Act: 24-hour exploited-vulnerability reports
Jurisdiction: EU
Status: Applies from 11 September 2026
Reference: Regulation (EU) 2024/2847, Article 14
What the law demands: Manufacturers must notify actively exploited vulnerabilities and severe incidents with an early warning within 24 hours, a notification within 72 hours and a final report.
Why records matter: You need provable timestamps of when you became aware and when you reported.
Official text: https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2024/2847/oj
Check yourself: https://sebbi.pro/hidden-laws#cra-14

LAW: UK automated decision safeguards
Jurisdiction: UK
Status: Applies from 2025
Reference: UK GDPR Articles 22A to 22D, inserted by the Data (Use and Access) Act 2025
What the law demands: Significant decisions based solely on automated processing must come with safeguards: information about the decision, the ability to make representations, human intervention and the right to contest.
Why records matter: Each automated decision needs a record of the decision, the information given and any human review.
Official text: https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18
Check yourself: https://sebbi.pro/hidden-laws#uk-adm

LAW: New York City bias audits
Jurisdiction: New York City
Status: Applies from 5 July 2023
Reference: Local Law 144 of 2021
What the law demands: Employers using automated employment decision tools must have an independent bias audit within the past year, publish its results and notify candidates.
Why records matter: Hiring AI needs audited, dated evidence before use.
Official text: https://www.nyc.gov/site/dca/about/automated-employment-decision-tools.page
Check yourself: https://sebbi.pro/hidden-laws#nyc-144

#### P606 STANDARDS - Frameworks used worldwide (8)


LAW: ISO/IEC 42001
Jurisdiction: Global
Status: In force
What the law demands: The international standard for running an AI management system.
sebbi.pro checks that test this law: 16
Official text: https://www.iso.org/standard/81230.html
Check yourself: https://sebbi.pro/checks/iso-42001

LAW: ISO/IEC 27001
Jurisdiction: Global
Status: In force
What the law demands: The international standard for information security management (Annex A controls).
sebbi.pro checks that test this law: 26
Official text: https://www.iso.org/standard/27001
Check yourself: https://sebbi.pro/checks/iso-27001

LAW: SOC 2
Jurisdiction: Global
Status: In force
What the law demands: The AICPA Trust Services Criteria auditors use for security, availability, processing integrity, confidentiality and privacy.
sebbi.pro checks that test this law: 20
Official text: https://www.aicpa-cima.com/topic/audit-assurance/audit-and-assurance-greater-than-soc-2
Check yourself: https://sebbi.pro/checks/soc-2

LAW: PCI DSS
Jurisdiction: Global
Status: In force
What the law demands: The card industry's data security standard for anyone storing, processing or transmitting card data.
sebbi.pro checks that test this law: 22
Official text: https://www.pcisecuritystandards.org/
Check yourself: https://sebbi.pro/checks/pci-dss

LAW: Agent output: compliance gates
Jurisdiction: Global
Status: In force
What the law demands: Checks run on what an AI agent produced, before it is acted on, for the evidence a regulator expects.
sebbi.pro checks that test this law: 64
Check yourself: https://sebbi.pro/checks/agent-compliance-gates

LAW: Agent output: number sanity
Jurisdiction: Global
Status: In force
What the law demands: Checks that numbers an AI produced are within sensible bounds and internally consistent.
sebbi.pro checks that test this law: 64
Check yourself: https://sebbi.pro/checks/agent-number-checks

LAW: Agent output: data format
Jurisdiction: Global
Status: In force
What the law demands: Checks that data going into or out of an AI step is in the right shape: dates, phone numbers, codes, emails.
sebbi.pro checks that test this law: 64
Check yourself: https://sebbi.pro/checks/agent-data-format-checks

LAW: Audio output checks
Jurisdiction: Global
Status: In force
What the law demands: Integrity checks on audio metadata: sample rate, bitrate, loudness, peaks and fingerprints.
sebbi.pro checks that test this law: 64
Check yourself: https://sebbi.pro/checks/audio-integrity-checks

#### P610 THE EU AI ACT - EVERY ARTICLE (113)

ARTICLE 1: Subject matter
Applies from: 2 February 2025
Who it applies to: Everyone
Sets out what the Act is for: a single EU market for trustworthy, human-centric AI that protects health, safety and fundamental rights, while supporting innovation. It lays down rules on placing AI on the market, prohibited practices, high-risk requirements, transparency, general-purpose models, market surveillance and support for innovation.

ARTICLE 2: Scope
Applies from: 2 February 2025
Who it applies to: Providers, deployers, importers, distributors, product manufacturers, authorised representatives
Applies to providers placing AI on the EU market wherever they are based, to deployers in the EU, and to providers and deployers outside the EU whose AI output is used in the EU. Excludes military, defence and national security uses, pure scientific research, personal non-professional use and most free open-source AI unless it is high-risk, prohibited or covered by Article 50.

ARTICLE 3: Definitions
Applies from: 2 February 2025
Who it applies to: Everyone
Defines the 68 terms the Act relies on, including AI system, provider, deployer, high-risk, general-purpose AI model, systemic risk, substantial modification, serious incident and deep fake. See the definitions page for the key ones in plain English.

ARTICLE 4: AI literacy
Applies from: 2 February 2025
Who it applies to: Providers and deployers
Providers and deployers take measures to support a sufficient level of AI literacy among staff and others dealing with AI systems on their behalf, taking account of their knowledge, the context and the people affected. The 2026 Omnibus softened this from a direct duty to ensure literacy.

ARTICLE 5: Prohibited AI practices
Applies from: 2 February 2025 (new nudification and child abuse material ban from 2 December 2026)
Who it applies to: Everyone
Bans AI that manipulates people subliminally or deceptively to cause harm, exploits vulnerabilities of age, disability or social situation, social scoring, predicting crime from profiling alone, untargeted scraping of facial images, emotion recognition at work or in education (except medical or safety reasons), biometric categorisation to infer sensitive traits, and real-time remote biometric identification in public for law enforcement except in narrow cases. The 2026 Omnibus added AI that generates non-consensual intimate images or child sexual abuse material.

ARTICLE 6: Classification rules for high-risk AI systems
Applies from: With the high-risk rules: 2 December 2027 (Annex III systems), 2 August 2028 (Annex I products)
Who it applies to: Providers
An AI system is high-risk if it is a safety component of, or is itself, a product covered by the laws in Annex I that needs third-party conformity assessment, or if it falls in an Annex III area. An Annex III system is not high-risk if it does not pose a significant risk, for example it performs a narrow procedural task, but it is always high-risk if it profiles people. Providers who decide it is not high-risk must document that assessment and register.

ARTICLE 7: Amendments to Annex III
Applies from: With the high-risk rules: 2 December 2027 (Annex III systems), 2 August 2028 (Annex I products)
Who it applies to: European Commission
Lets the Commission add or change high-risk use cases in Annex III by delegated act, using criteria such as the harm the AI could cause, how many people it affects, how reversible the outcome is and the imbalance of power.

ARTICLE 8: Compliance with the requirements
Applies from: With the high-risk rules: 2 December 2027 (Annex III systems), 2 August 2028 (Annex I products)
Who it applies to: Providers
High-risk AI systems must meet the requirements in Articles 9 to 15, taking account of their intended purpose and the state of the art. Products covered by Annex I laws can integrate the AI Act checks into existing procedures and documentation.

ARTICLE 9: Risk management system
Applies from: With the high-risk rules: 2 December 2027 (Annex III systems), 2 August 2028 (Annex I products)
Who it applies to: Providers
A continuous, documented risk management process across the whole lifecycle: identify and analyse foreseeable risks to health, safety and fundamental rights, estimate risks from intended use and foreseeable misuse, adopt measures, test the system and keep residual risk acceptable. Particular attention goes to effects on children and vulnerable groups.

ARTICLE 10: Data and data governance
Applies from: With the high-risk rules: 2 December 2027 (Annex III systems), 2 August 2028 (Annex I products)
Who it applies to: Providers
Training, validation and test data must be governed: design choices, collection, preparation, assumptions, availability and suitability documented; examined for bias that could affect health, safety or rights; relevant, representative and as error-free and complete as possible. Special category data may be processed strictly for bias detection and correction, with safeguards.

ARTICLE 11: Technical documentation
Applies from: With the high-risk rules: 2 December 2027 (Annex III systems), 2 August 2028 (Annex I products)
Who it applies to: Providers
Technical documentation, containing at least the elements in Annex IV, must be drawn up before the system goes on the market and kept up to date, showing how it meets the requirements. SMEs and start-ups may use a simplified form.

ARTICLE 12: Record-keeping
Applies from: With the high-risk rules: 2 December 2027 (Annex III systems), 2 August 2028 (Annex I products)
Who it applies to: Providers (design), deployers (keep)
High-risk systems must technically allow automatic recording of events (logs) over their lifetime, enough to identify risky situations and substantial modifications, support post-market monitoring and monitor operation. Remote biometric identification systems must log each use, the reference database, the matched input and who verified the result.

ARTICLE 13: Transparency and provision of information to deployers
Applies from: With the high-risk rules: 2 December 2027 (Annex III systems), 2 August 2028 (Annex I products)
Who it applies to: Providers
High-risk systems must be transparent enough for deployers to interpret and use the output, and come with clear instructions for use: the provider, the purpose, accuracy and robustness levels, known risks, human oversight measures, the computing resources needed and how logs are collected.

ARTICLE 14: Human oversight
Applies from: With the high-risk rules: 2 December 2027 (Annex III systems), 2 August 2028 (Annex I products)
Who it applies to: Providers (design), deployers (assign)
High-risk systems must be designed so people can oversee them effectively while in use: understand capabilities and limits, stay aware of automation bias, interpret output correctly, decide not to use it or override it, and stop it. For remote biometric identification, no action may be taken on a result unless it has been separately verified and confirmed by at least two natural persons.

ARTICLE 15: Accuracy, robustness and cybersecurity
Applies from: With the high-risk rules: 2 December 2027 (Annex III systems), 2 August 2028 (Annex I products)
Who it applies to: Providers
High-risk systems must achieve appropriate accuracy, robustness and cybersecurity throughout their lifecycle, with accuracy metrics declared in the instructions, resilience to errors and inconsistencies, measures against feedback loops in systems that keep learning, and protection against attacks such as data poisoning, model poisoning, adversarial examples and model flaws.

ARTICLE 16: Obligations of providers of high-risk AI systems
Applies from: With the high-risk rules: 2 December 2027 (Annex III systems), 2 August 2028 (Annex I products)
Who it applies to: Providers
Providers must ensure compliance with Articles 9 to 15, show their name and contact details, run a quality management system, keep documentation and logs, carry out conformity assessment, draw up the EU declaration of conformity, affix the CE marking, register, take corrective action, demonstrate conformity on request and meet accessibility requirements.

ARTICLE 17: Quality management system
Applies from: With the high-risk rules: 2 December 2027 (Annex III systems), 2 August 2028 (Annex I products)
Who it applies to: Providers
A documented quality management system covering regulatory strategy, design and development controls, testing and validation, data management, risk management, post-market monitoring, incident reporting, communication with authorities, record-keeping, resource management and accountability. The harmonised standard EN 18286:2026 gives a presumption of conformity.

ARTICLE 18: Documentation keeping
Applies from: With the high-risk rules: 2 December 2027 (Annex III systems), 2 August 2028 (Annex I products)
Who it applies to: Providers
Providers keep the technical documentation, quality management documentation, approved changes, notified body decisions and the EU declaration of conformity available to authorities for 10 years after the system is placed on the market.

ARTICLE 19: Automatically generated logs
Applies from: With the high-risk rules: 2 December 2027 (Annex III systems), 2 August 2028 (Annex I products)
Who it applies to: Providers
Providers keep the logs automatically generated by their high-risk systems, to the extent they control them, for a period appropriate to the purpose and at least six months, unless other law says otherwise.

ARTICLE 20: Corrective actions and duty of information
Applies from: With the high-risk rules: 2 December 2027 (Annex III systems), 2 August 2028 (Annex I products)
Who it applies to: Providers
A provider who considers a high-risk system non-compliant must immediately correct it, withdraw it, disable it or recall it, inform distributors, deployers and others, and where it presents a risk, inform the market surveillance authorities and notified body.

ARTICLE 21: Cooperation with competent authorities
Applies from: With the high-risk rules: 2 December 2027 (Annex III systems), 2 August 2028 (Annex I products)
Who it applies to: Providers
On a reasoned request, providers give authorities all information and documentation needed to show conformity, in an official EU language, and give access to logs they control.

ARTICLE 22: Authorised representatives of providers of high-risk AI systems
Applies from: With the high-risk rules: 2 December 2027 (Annex III systems), 2 August 2028 (Annex I products)
Who it applies to: Non-EU providers
Providers established outside the EU must appoint, by written mandate, an authorised representative in the EU before making a high-risk system available, who verifies the documentation, keeps it for 10 years, cooperates with authorities and can terminate the mandate if the provider breaches the Act.

ARTICLE 23: Obligations of importers
Applies from: With the high-risk rules: 2 December 2027 (Annex III systems), 2 August 2028 (Annex I products)
Who it applies to: Importers
Before placing a high-risk system on the market, importers verify that conformity assessment was done, the technical documentation exists, the CE marking and declaration are present and an authorised representative is appointed. They add their own name and keep documents for 10 years.

ARTICLE 24: Obligations of distributors
Applies from: With the high-risk rules: 2 December 2027 (Annex III systems), 2 August 2028 (Annex I products)
Who it applies to: Distributors
Before making a high-risk system available, distributors verify the CE marking, declaration of conformity and instructions, and that provider and importer met their obligations. They stop supply if they suspect non-compliance and cooperate with authorities.

ARTICLE 25: Responsibilities along the AI value chain
Applies from: With the high-risk rules: 2 December 2027 (Annex III systems), 2 August 2028 (Annex I products)
Who it applies to: Distributors, importers, deployers, third parties
Anyone who puts their name or trademark on a high-risk system, makes a substantial modification, or changes the purpose of a system so it becomes high-risk becomes its provider. Original providers must cooperate and hand over the information needed. Suppliers of tools, services, components or processes to high-risk providers must agree in writing to give necessary information.

ARTICLE 26: Obligations of deployers of high-risk AI systems
Applies from: With the high-risk rules: 2 December 2027 (Annex III systems), 2 August 2028 (Annex I products)
Who it applies to: Deployers
Deployers use the system as instructed, assign human oversight to competent, trained people with authority, ensure input data is relevant, monitor operation, report risks and serious incidents, keep logs for at least six months, inform workers before using it at work, inform people that decisions about them use high-risk AI, and cooperate with authorities. Public bodies must register their use.

ARTICLE 27: Fundamental rights impact assessment for high-risk AI systems
Applies from: With the high-risk rules: 2 December 2027 (Annex III systems), 2 August 2028 (Annex I products)
Who it applies to: Public bodies, private providers of public services, banks and insurers using certain Annex III systems
Before first use, these deployers assess the impact on fundamental rights: the processes, period and frequency of use, the people affected, specific risks of harm, human oversight measures and what happens if risks materialise, then notify the market surveillance authority of the results.

ARTICLE 28: Notifying authorities
Applies from: 2 August 2025
Who it applies to: Member States
Each Member State designates at least one notifying authority to assess, designate and notify conformity assessment bodies and monitor them, organised to avoid conflicts of interest and keep information confidential.

ARTICLE 29: Application of a conformity assessment body for notification
Applies from: 2 August 2025
Who it applies to: Conformity assessment bodies
Bodies apply for notification to the authority of their Member State, describing the assessment activities, the modules and the AI systems they are competent for, with an accreditation certificate where available.

ARTICLE 30: Notification procedure
Applies from: 2 August 2025
Who it applies to: Notifying authorities
Notifying authorities may only notify bodies that meet Article 31, informing the Commission and other Member States through the electronic notification tool; the body may act only if no objection is raised within the set period.

ARTICLE 31: Requirements relating to notified bodies
Applies from: 2 August 2025
Who it applies to: Notified bodies
Notified bodies must be legal entities under national law, independent of the providers they assess, impartial, competent, properly resourced and insured, and must protect confidential information.

ARTICLE 32: Presumption of conformity with requirements relating to notified bodies
Applies from: 2 August 2025
Who it applies to: Notified bodies
Bodies that meet the relevant harmonised standards are presumed to meet the Article 31 requirements in so far as the standards cover them.

ARTICLE 33: Subsidiaries of notified bodies and subcontracting
Applies from: 2 August 2025
Who it applies to: Notified bodies
Notified bodies may subcontract or use subsidiaries only if they meet the same requirements, with the provider's agreement, and remain fully responsible for the work.

ARTICLE 34: Operational obligations of notified bodies
Applies from: 2 August 2025
Who it applies to: Notified bodies
Notified bodies verify conformity of high-risk systems following the procedures in Article 43, avoid unnecessary burden, take account of provider size and give the notifying authority the documents it needs.

ARTICLE 35: Identification numbers and lists of notified bodies
Applies from: 2 August 2025
Who it applies to: European Commission
The Commission assigns each notified body a single identification number and publishes the list of notified bodies.

ARTICLE 36: Changes to notifications
Applies from: 2 August 2025
Who it applies to: Notifying authorities
Sets the procedure when a notified body stops meeting the requirements or ceases activity: restriction, suspension or withdrawal of notification, and transfer of its files.

ARTICLE 37: Challenge to the competence of notified bodies
Applies from: 2 August 2025
Who it applies to: European Commission
The Commission investigates cases where there are doubts about a notified body's competence and can ask the Member State to take corrective measures.

ARTICLE 38: Coordination of notified bodies
Applies from: 2 August 2025
Who it applies to: European Commission
The Commission ensures coordination and cooperation between notified bodies through a sectoral group.

ARTICLE 39: Conformity assessment bodies of third countries
Applies from: 2 August 2025
Who it applies to: Third-country bodies
Bodies established in countries with which the EU has an agreement may be authorised to carry out notified body activities.

ARTICLE 40: Harmonised standards and standardisation deliverables
Applies from: With the high-risk rules: 2 December 2027 (Annex III systems), 2 August 2028 (Annex I products)
Who it applies to: Providers
High-risk systems and general-purpose models that meet harmonised standards published in the Official Journal are presumed to meet the corresponding requirements. EN 18286:2026 (quality management, Article 17) was the first, cited on 14 October 2026.

ARTICLE 41: Common specifications
Applies from: With the high-risk rules: 2 December 2027 (Annex III systems), 2 August 2028 (Annex I products)
Who it applies to: European Commission
Where harmonised standards are missing or insufficient, the Commission can adopt common specifications by implementing act; meeting them gives a presumption of conformity.

ARTICLE 42: Presumption of conformity with certain requirements
Applies from: With the high-risk rules: 2 December 2027 (Annex III systems), 2 August 2028 (Annex I products)
Who it applies to: Providers
Systems trained and tested on data reflecting the setting where they will be used are presumed to meet Article 10(4); systems certified under an EU cybersecurity scheme are presumed to meet Article 15's cybersecurity requirements.

ARTICLE 43: Conformity assessment
Applies from: With the high-risk rules: 2 December 2027 (Annex III systems), 2 August 2028 (Annex I products)
Who it applies to: Providers
Most Annex III systems use internal control (Annex VI). Biometric systems use internal control only if harmonised standards are fully applied, otherwise a notified body (Annex VII). Annex I products follow the assessment in their own sector law. A substantial modification means a new assessment.

ARTICLE 44: Certificates
Applies from: With the high-risk rules: 2 December 2027 (Annex III systems), 2 August 2028 (Annex I products)
Who it applies to: Notified bodies
Notified body certificates are valid for up to five years for Annex I products and four years for Annex III systems, can be extended, and can be suspended or withdrawn if requirements stop being met.

ARTICLE 45: Information obligations of notified bodies
Applies from: With the high-risk rules: 2 December 2027 (Annex III systems), 2 August 2028 (Annex I products)
Who it applies to: Notified bodies
Notified bodies inform the notifying authority and other notified bodies of certificates issued, refused, suspended or withdrawn.

ARTICLE 46: Derogation from conformity assessment procedure
Applies from: With the high-risk rules: 2 December 2027 (Annex III systems), 2 August 2028 (Annex I products)
Who it applies to: Market surveillance authorities
In exceptional cases of public security, protection of life and health or the environment, an authority may authorise a specific high-risk system before conformity assessment is complete, for a limited period.

ARTICLE 47: EU declaration of conformity
Applies from: With the high-risk rules: 2 December 2027 (Annex III systems), 2 August 2028 (Annex I products)
Who it applies to: Providers
Providers draw up a written, machine-readable, signed EU declaration of conformity for each high-risk system, containing the information in Annex V, keep it for 10 years and take responsibility for compliance.

ARTICLE 48: CE marking
Applies from: With the high-risk rules: 2 December 2027 (Annex III systems), 2 August 2028 (Annex I products)
Who it applies to: Providers
The CE marking is affixed visibly to the high-risk system, its packaging or documentation (digitally for digital systems), followed by the notified body's number where one was involved.

ARTICLE 49: Registration
Applies from: With the high-risk rules: 2 December 2027 (Annex III systems), 2 August 2028 (Annex I products)
Who it applies to: Providers, public-body deployers
Before placing an Annex III high-risk system on the market, the provider registers itself and the system in the EU database, as do providers who decided their Annex III system is not high-risk. Public-body deployers register their use. Law enforcement and migration systems go in a secure non-public section.

ARTICLE 50: Transparency obligations for providers and deployers of certain AI systems
Applies from: 2 August 2026 (systems already on the market have until 2 December 2026 to mark outputs)
Who it applies to: Providers and deployers
People must be told when they interact with an AI system unless obvious. AI-generated audio, image, video and text must be marked in a machine-readable, detectable way. Deployers of emotion recognition or biometric categorisation must inform people. Deep fakes must be disclosed, and AI-generated text published to inform the public on matters of public interest must be disclosed unless humanly reviewed and edited.

ARTICLE 51: Classification of general-purpose AI models as general-purpose AI models with systemic risk
Applies from: 2 August 2025
Who it applies to: Providers of general-purpose AI models
A general-purpose model has systemic risk if it has high-impact capabilities, presumed when training compute exceeds 10^25 floating-point operations, or if the Commission designates it using the Annex XIII criteria.

ARTICLE 52: Procedure
Applies from: 2 August 2025
Who it applies to: Providers of general-purpose AI models
Providers notify the Commission within two weeks once a model meets the systemic-risk threshold, can argue it does not present systemic risk, and can ask for reassessment. The Commission publishes a list of systemic-risk models.

ARTICLE 53: Obligations for providers of general-purpose AI models
Applies from: 2 August 2025 (models placed on the market before then: by 2 August 2027)
Who it applies to: Providers of general-purpose AI models
Providers keep technical documentation (Annex XI, including known or estimated energy consumption), give downstream providers the information they need (Annex XII), put in place a policy to comply with EU copyright law including opt-outs, and publish a sufficiently detailed summary of training content. Free open-source models are exempt from the first two unless they have systemic risk.

ARTICLE 54: Authorised representatives of providers of general-purpose AI models
Applies from: 2 August 2025
Who it applies to: Non-EU providers of general-purpose AI models
Providers outside the EU appoint an authorised representative in the EU by written mandate before placing a model on the market.

ARTICLE 55: Obligations of providers of general-purpose AI models with systemic risk
Applies from: 2 August 2025
Who it applies to: Providers of systemic-risk models
On top of Article 53: evaluate the model using state-of-the-art protocols including adversarial testing, assess and mitigate systemic risks, track and report serious incidents to the AI Office without undue delay, and ensure adequate cybersecurity for the model and its infrastructure.

ARTICLE 56: Codes of practice
Applies from: 2 August 2025
Who it applies to: AI Office, providers of general-purpose AI models
The AI Office encourages codes of practice covering the general-purpose model obligations. Adhering to an approved code can be used to show compliance until harmonised standards exist. The General-Purpose AI Code of Practice was published in July 2025.

ARTICLE 57: AI regulatory sandboxes
Applies from: 2 August 2026
Who it applies to: Member States, providers
Each Member State has at least one AI regulatory sandbox, a controlled environment where providers develop, train and test innovative AI under supervision for a limited time. Participants who follow the sandbox plan in good faith are not fined for infringements of this Act.

ARTICLE 58: Detailed arrangements for, and functioning of, AI regulatory sandboxes
Applies from: 2 August 2026
Who it applies to: European Commission, Member States
Sets common rules for sandboxes: eligibility, selection, application, participation, exit reports and free access for SMEs and start-ups.

ARTICLE 59: Further processing of personal data for developing certain AI systems in the public interest in the AI regulatory sandbox
Applies from: 2 August 2026
Who it applies to: Sandbox participants
Personal data lawfully collected for other purposes may be used in a sandbox to develop AI in the public interest (such as public health, the environment, energy, transport) under strict safeguards.

ARTICLE 60: Testing of high-risk AI systems in real world conditions outside AI regulatory sandboxes
Applies from: 2 August 2026
Who it applies to: Providers
Providers may test Annex III high-risk systems in real-world conditions before market placement under a plan approved by the market surveillance authority, registered, limited in time, with oversight and informed consent.

ARTICLE 61: Informed consent to participate in testing in real world conditions outside AI regulatory sandboxes
Applies from: 2 August 2026
Who it applies to: Providers
Participants in real-world testing must give freely given, informed consent after being told the nature, objectives, duration and their rights, including to withdraw at any time without detriment.

ARTICLE 62: Measures for providers and deployers, in particular SMEs, including start-ups
Applies from: 2 August 2026
Who it applies to: Member States
Member States give SMEs and start-ups priority sandbox access, awareness-raising, training and dedicated communication channels, and conformity assessment fees take their size into account. The 2026 Omnibus extended some relief to small mid-caps.

ARTICLE 63: Derogations for specific operators
Applies from: 2 August 2026
Who it applies to: Microenterprises
Microenterprises may comply with certain quality management system elements in a simplified way.

ARTICLE 64: AI Office
Applies from: 2 August 2025
Who it applies to: European Commission
The Commission develops EU expertise in AI through the AI Office, which supervises general-purpose AI models and supports implementation.

ARTICLE 65: Establishment and structure of the European Artificial Intelligence Board
Applies from: 2 August 2025
Who it applies to: Member States
Creates the European AI Board of one representative per Member State, with the European Data Protection Supervisor as observer, to ensure consistent application.

ARTICLE 66: Tasks of the Board
Applies from: 2 August 2025
Who it applies to: AI Board
The Board advises and assists the Commission and Member States: coordinating authorities, sharing expertise, issuing opinions and recommendations, and supporting harmonised practices.

ARTICLE 67: Advisory forum
Applies from: 2 August 2025
Who it applies to: Stakeholders
An advisory forum of industry, start-ups, SMEs, civil society and academia gives technical expertise to the Board and Commission.

ARTICLE 68: Scientific panel of independent experts
Applies from: 2 August 2025
Who it applies to: Independent experts
A scientific panel of independent experts supports enforcement, in particular for general-purpose AI models, and can issue qualified alerts about systemic risks.

ARTICLE 69: Access to the pool of experts by the Member States
Applies from: 2 August 2025
Who it applies to: Member States
Member States can call on the scientific panel's experts to support their enforcement activities.

ARTICLE 70: Designation of national competent authorities and single points of contact
Applies from: 2 August 2025
Who it applies to: Member States
Each Member State designates at least one notifying authority and one market surveillance authority, with a single point of contact, adequately resourced and independent.

ARTICLE 71: EU database for high-risk AI systems listed in Annex III
Applies from: With the high-risk rules: 2 December 2027 (Annex III systems), 2 August 2028 (Annex I products)
Who it applies to: European Commission
The Commission maintains a public EU database containing the registration information from Articles 49 and 60, with law enforcement and migration entries in a secure non-public section.

ARTICLE 72: Post-market monitoring by providers and post-market monitoring plan for high-risk AI systems
Applies from: With the high-risk rules: 2 December 2027 (Annex III systems), 2 August 2028 (Annex I products)
Who it applies to: Providers
Providers run a post-market monitoring system that actively collects and analyses data on performance throughout the system's life, based on a post-market monitoring plan that forms part of the technical documentation.

ARTICLE 73: Reporting of serious incidents
Applies from: With the high-risk rules: 2 December 2027 (Annex III systems), 2 August 2028 (Annex I products)
Who it applies to: Providers (deployers inform providers)
Providers report serious incidents to the market surveillance authority immediately after establishing a causal link, and no later than 15 days after becoming aware; no later than 2 days for widespread infringements or serious disruption of critical infrastructure; no later than 10 days in case of death. They then investigate and take corrective action.

ARTICLE 74: Market surveillance and control of AI systems in the Union market
Applies from: 2 August 2026
Who it applies to: Market surveillance authorities
Applies the EU market surveillance regulation to AI systems: authorities can access documentation, data and, where necessary, source code, and act against non-compliant or risky systems. Financial supervisors oversee AI used by financial institutions.

ARTICLE 75: Mutual assistance, market surveillance and control of general-purpose AI systems
Applies from: 2 August 2026
Who it applies to: AI Office, market surveillance authorities
Where an AI system is built on a general-purpose model from the same provider, the AI Office supervises it; authorities cooperate when they suspect non-compliance.

ARTICLE 76: Supervision of testing in real world conditions by market surveillance authorities
Applies from: 2 August 2026
Who it applies to: Market surveillance authorities
Authorities supervise real-world testing, can require information and can suspend or stop testing that does not meet the conditions or presents a risk.

ARTICLE 77: Powers of authorities protecting fundamental rights
Applies from: 2 August 2026
Who it applies to: Equality bodies, data protection authorities and others
Authorities that protect fundamental rights may request and access documentation created under the Act and can ask the market surveillance authority to organise testing.

ARTICLE 78: Confidentiality
Applies from: 2 August 2025
Who it applies to: All authorities and bodies
Everyone involved in applying the Act respects the confidentiality of information obtained, including intellectual property, trade secrets and source code, and protects security interests.

ARTICLE 79: Procedure at national level for dealing with AI systems presenting a risk
Applies from: 2 August 2026
Who it applies to: Market surveillance authorities
If an authority believes an AI system presents a risk to health, safety or fundamental rights, it evaluates it and can require corrective action, withdrawal or recall, informing the Commission and other Member States.

ARTICLE 80: Procedure for dealing with AI systems classified by the provider as non-high-risk in application of Annex III
Applies from: With the high-risk rules: 2 December 2027 (Annex III systems), 2 August 2028 (Annex I products)
Who it applies to: Market surveillance authorities
If an authority believes a provider wrongly classified an Annex III system as not high-risk, it evaluates it and can require the provider to bring it into compliance, with fines where the misclassification was to avoid the rules.

ARTICLE 81: Union safeguard procedure
Applies from: 2 August 2026
Who it applies to: European Commission
Resolves objections between Member States about national measures against an AI system; the Commission decides whether the measure is justified.

ARTICLE 82: Compliant AI systems which present a risk
Applies from: 2 August 2026
Who it applies to: Market surveillance authorities
Even a compliant high-risk system can be subject to measures if it still presents a risk to health, safety, fundamental rights or the public interest.

ARTICLE 83: Formal non-compliance
Applies from: 2 August 2026
Who it applies to: Market surveillance authorities
Authorities require providers to put right formal failures such as missing CE marking, declaration of conformity, registration or authorised representative, and can restrict or withdraw the system if they are not.

ARTICLE 84: Union AI testing support structures
Applies from: 2 August 2026
Who it applies to: European Commission
The Commission designates Union AI testing support structures to give independent technical advice to market surveillance authorities.

ARTICLE 85: Right to lodge a complaint with a market surveillance authority
Applies from: 2 August 2026
Who it applies to: Anyone
Any person with grounds to consider the Act has been infringed can submit a complaint to the relevant market surveillance authority.

ARTICLE 86: Right to explanation of individual decision-making
Applies from: With the high-risk rules: 2 December 2027 (Annex III systems), 2 August 2028 (Annex I products)
Who it applies to: Deployers
A person subject to a decision based on output from an Annex III high-risk system that produces legal effects or similarly significantly affects them has the right to a clear and meaningful explanation of the role of the AI in the decision and its main elements.

ARTICLE 87: Reporting of infringements and protection of reporting persons
Applies from: 2 August 2026
Who it applies to: Whistleblowers
The EU Whistleblower Directive applies to reporting infringements of the AI Act and protects people who report them.

ARTICLE 88: Enforcement of the obligations of providers of general-purpose AI models
Applies from: 2 August 2026
Who it applies to: European Commission, AI Office
The Commission has exclusive powers to supervise and enforce the general-purpose model obligations, entrusted to the AI Office.

ARTICLE 89: Monitoring actions
Applies from: 2 August 2026
Who it applies to: AI Office
The AI Office monitors compliance by general-purpose model providers, including adherence to codes of practice, and downstream providers can complain about infringements.

ARTICLE 90: Alerts of systemic risks by the scientific panel
Applies from: 2 August 2026
Who it applies to: Scientific panel
The scientific panel can send the AI Office a qualified alert when it suspects a general-purpose model poses concrete systemic risk or meets the systemic-risk conditions.

ARTICLE 91: Power to request documentation and information
Applies from: 2 August 2026
Who it applies to: European Commission
The Commission can request documentation and information from general-purpose model providers, with deadlines and fines for incorrect or incomplete answers.

ARTICLE 92: Power to conduct evaluations
Applies from: 2 August 2026
Who it applies to: AI Office
The AI Office can evaluate a general-purpose model, including through independent experts and API or source-code access, to assess compliance or systemic risks.

ARTICLE 93: Power to request measures
Applies from: 2 August 2026
Who it applies to: European Commission
The Commission can require general-purpose model providers to take compliance measures, mitigate systemic risks, or restrict, withdraw or recall the model.

ARTICLE 94: Procedural rights of economic operators of the general-purpose AI model
Applies from: 2 August 2026
Who it applies to: Providers of general-purpose AI models
The procedural rights of the EU market surveillance regulation, including the right to be heard, apply to general-purpose model providers.

ARTICLE 95: Codes of conduct for voluntary application of specific requirements
Applies from: 2 August 2026
Who it applies to: Providers and deployers of non-high-risk AI
The AI Office and Member States encourage voluntary codes of conduct applying high-risk requirements, environmental sustainability, AI literacy, inclusive design and other goals to AI that is not high-risk.

ARTICLE 96: Guidelines from the Commission on the implementation of this Regulation
Applies from: 2 August 2026
Who it applies to: European Commission
The Commission issues guidelines on practical implementation, including the definition of an AI system, prohibited practices, high-risk classification, transparency and the relationship with other EU law.

ARTICLE 97: Exercise of the delegation
Applies from: 2 August 2026
Who it applies to: European Commission
Sets the conditions under which the Commission may adopt delegated acts under the Act, for five years renewable, which Parliament and Council can revoke or object to.

ARTICLE 98: Committee procedure
Applies from: 2 August 2026
Who it applies to: European Commission
The Commission is assisted by a committee of Member State representatives when adopting implementing acts.

ARTICLE 99: Penalties
Applies from: 2 August 2025
Who it applies to: Everyone subject to the Act
Member States set effective, proportionate and dissuasive penalties. Prohibited practices: up to EUR 35 million or 7% of worldwide annual turnover. Most other obligations: up to EUR 15 million or 3%. Supplying incorrect or misleading information: up to EUR 7.5 million or 1%. For SMEs and start-ups the lower amount applies.

ARTICLE 100: Administrative fines on Union institutions, bodies, offices and agencies
Applies from: 2 August 2025
Who it applies to: EU institutions
The European Data Protection Supervisor can fine EU institutions up to EUR 1.5 million for prohibited practices and EUR 750,000 for other breaches.

ARTICLE 101: Fines for providers of general-purpose AI models
Applies from: 2 August 2026
Who it applies to: Providers of general-purpose AI models
The Commission can fine general-purpose model providers up to EUR 15 million or 3% of worldwide annual turnover for intentional or negligent breaches, failing to supply information or not complying with measures.

ARTICLE 102: Amendment to Regulation (EC) No 300/2008
Applies from: 2 August 2026
Who it applies to: Aviation security
Requires AI Act high-risk requirements to be taken into account when adopting implementing rules on civil aviation security equipment.

ARTICLE 103: Amendment to Regulation (EU) No 167/2013
Applies from: 2 August 2026
Who it applies to: Agricultural vehicles
Requires AI Act high-risk requirements to be taken into account for AI safety components in agricultural and forestry vehicles.

ARTICLE 104: Amendment to Regulation (EU) No 168/2013
Applies from: 2 August 2026
Who it applies to: Two- and three-wheel vehicles
Requires AI Act high-risk requirements to be taken into account for AI safety components in two- and three-wheel vehicles and quadricycles.

ARTICLE 105: Amendment to Directive 2014/90/EU
Applies from: 2 August 2026
Who it applies to: Marine equipment
Requires AI Act high-risk requirements to be taken into account for AI safety components in marine equipment.

ARTICLE 106: Amendment to Directive (EU) 2016/797
Applies from: 2 August 2026
Who it applies to: Rail
Requires AI Act high-risk requirements to be taken into account for AI safety components in rail interoperability.

ARTICLE 107: Amendment to Regulation (EU) 2018/858
Applies from: 2 August 2026
Who it applies to: Motor vehicles
Requires AI Act high-risk requirements to be taken into account for AI safety components in motor vehicle type-approval.

ARTICLE 108: Amendment to Regulation (EU) 2018/1139
Applies from: 2 August 2026
Who it applies to: Civil aviation
Requires AI Act high-risk requirements to be taken into account for AI in civil aviation under the EASA framework.

ARTICLE 109: Amendment to Regulation (EU) 2019/2144
Applies from: 2 August 2026
Who it applies to: Vehicle general safety
Requires AI Act high-risk requirements to be taken into account for AI safety components under the vehicle general safety regulation.

ARTICLE 110: Amendment to Directive (EU) 2020/1828
Applies from: 2 August 2026
Who it applies to: Consumers
Adds the AI Act to the laws covered by EU representative actions, so qualified entities can bring collective actions for consumers.

ARTICLE 111: AI systems already placed on the market or put into service and general-purpose AI models already placed on the market
Applies from: 2 August 2026
Who it applies to: Providers and deployers of existing systems
Existing high-risk systems are covered only once significantly changed in design, except those used by public authorities, which must comply by a set deadline. Large-scale EU IT systems in Annex X have until 31 December 2030. General-purpose models already on the market by 2 August 2025 must comply by 2 August 2027.

ARTICLE 112: Evaluation and review
Applies from: 2 August 2026
Who it applies to: European Commission
The Commission reviews the Act regularly, including Annex III and the list of prohibited practices yearly, the AI Office's functioning and the need for amendments, and reports to Parliament and Council.

ARTICLE 113: Entry into force and application
Applies from: Entered into force 1 August 2024
Who it applies to: Everyone
The Act entered into force on 1 August 2024. Chapters I and II apply from 2 February 2025; notified bodies, general-purpose models, governance, confidentiality and penalties from 2 August 2025; most of the rest from 2 August 2026. As amended in 2026, high-risk Annex III rules apply from 2 December 2027 and Annex I product rules from 2 August 2028.
Official text: https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2024/1689/oj


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